What is the primary mechanism of action of GHB?

The primary mechanism of action of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) involves its role as an agonist at both GHB receptors and GABA receptors, specifically GABA_B receptors. By binding to these receptors, GHB exerts its sedative, anesthetic, and anxiolytic effects. This dual action contributes to the overall pharmacological profile of GHB, enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system.

The agonism of GHB receptors primarily gives rise to its unique physiological effects, such as the promotion of sleep and reduction of anxiety, while the interaction with GABA receptors resembles the effects produced by other central nervous system depressants. This makes the substance particularly interesting in both medical and recreational contexts. Understanding this mechanism is essential for recognizing potential therapeutic uses as well as risks associated with GHB, such as its potential for abuse and overdose.